Volume 2 Table of Contents



	Contents Page Stephen F. McCool Wilderness Within the Context of Larger Social and Biophysical Systems 1 David N. Cole 1. Overviews 3 John B. Loomis Economic Values of Wilderness Recreation and Passive Use: What We Think We Know at the Beginning of the 21st Century 5 Gundars Rudzitis The Impact of Wilderness and Other Wildlands on Local Economies Rebecca Johnson and Regional Development Trends 14 Peter S. White Disturbance, Scale, and Boundary in Wilderness Management 27 Jonathan Harrod Joan L. Walker Anke Jentsch 2. Wilderness Meanings and Debates 43 Chad P. Dawson The Influence of the Adirondacks on the Wilderness Preservation Ed Zahniser Contributions of Robert Marshall and Howard Zahniser 45 Karen M. Fox Navigating Confluences: Revisiting the Meaning of "Wilderness Experience" 49 Paul A. Gray An Ecosystem Approach to Management: A Context for Robert J. Davidson Wilderness Protection 59 Dayle C. Hardy-Short Science, Economics, and Rhetoric: Environmental Advocacy and C. Brant Short the Wolf Reintroduction Debate, 1987-1999 65 Roger W. Kaye The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: An Exploration of the Meanings Embodied in America's Last Great Wilderness 73 Thomas A. More How Valid are Future Generations' Arguments for Preserving James R. Averill Wilderness? 81 Thomas H. Stevens 3. Wilderness Within Larger Ecosystems 87 Gregory Aplet Indicators of Wildness: Using Attributes of the Land to Janice Thomson Assess the Context of Wilderness 89 Mark Wilbert Mike Bader Wilderness-Based Ecosystem Protection in the Northern Rocky Mountains of the United States 99 Robert J. Davidson State-of-the-Wilderness Reporting in Ontario: Models, Paul A. Gray Tools and Techniques 111 Sheila Boyd George S. Cordiner



	Steffen Fritz New GIS Approaches to Wild Land Mapping in Europe 120 Steve Carver Linda See J. C. Haney Gauging the Ecological Capacity of Southern Appalachian Reserves: M. Wilbert Does Wilderness Matter? 128 C. De Grood D. S. Lee J. Thomson Nathaniel P. Hitt An Evaluation of Wilderness and Aquatic Biointegrity in Western Christopher A. Frissell Montana 138 Laskar Muqsudur Rahman The Sundarbans: A Unique Wilderness of the World 143 Vinod Sasidharan Climatic Change and Wildland Recreation: Examining the Changing Patterns of Wilderness Recreation in Response to the Effects of Global Climate Change and the El Nino Phenomenon 149 Janice L. Thomson Assessing Interconnections Between Wilderness and Adjacent Lands: Dawn A. Hartley The Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah 153 Gregory H. Aplet Peter A. Morton 4. Social, Economic, and Policy Issues 167 Carolyn Alkire Funding Strategies for Wilderness Management 169 Craig W. Allin The Triumph of Politics Over Wilderness Science 180 Ralf Buckley Tourism and Wilderness: Dancing With the Messy Monster 186 Ralf Buckley Wilderness in Australia: What's Happening in a World Context 190 Brian Czech Economic Growth, Ecological Economics, and Wilderness Preservation 194 J. Mark Fly Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Wilderness in the Southern Robert Emmet Jones Appalachian Ecoregion 201 H. Ken Cordell Ville Hallikainen The Finnish "Social Wilderness" 205 J. E. S. Higham Wilderness Perception Scaling in New Zealand: An Analysis of G. W. Kearsley Wilderness Perceptions Held by Users, Non-users and A. D. Kliskey International Visitors 218 David M. Johns Biological Science in Conservation 223 Paul A. Lorah Population Growth, Economic Security, and Cultural Change in Wilderness Counties 230 Pete Morton Wildland Economics: Theory and Practice 238 M. A. Nie A Political Cultural Map to Future Wilderness, Monument and Park Designation 251



	Spencer Phillips Windfalls for Wilderness: Land Protection and Land Value in the Green Mountains 258 Brijesh Thapa The Relationship Between Debt-for-Nature Swaps and Protected Area Tourism: A Plausible Strategy for Developing Countries 268 Bryan K. Walton Southern by the Grace of God: Wilderness Framing in the Heart of Dixie 273 5. Dialogue Session Summaries 279 Douglas W. Hodgins From Confrontation to Conservation: The Banff National Park Jeffrey E. Green Experience 281 Gail Harrison Jillian Roulet Dan McDonald Tribal Wilderness Research Needs and Issues in the United States Tom McDonald and Canada 290 Leo McAvoy R. McGreggor Cawley Wilderness, Natural Areas, and Ecological Reserves: Thoughts on the Politics of the Big Outside 295 Laurie Yung Meaningful Community Involvement in Protected Area Issues: A Dialogue Session 301