Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference Missoula, Montana May 23-27, 1999 Volume 3: Wilderness as a Place for Scientific Inquiry
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Author	Document Title
	Volume Abstract
	Compilers
	Preface
Stephen F. McCool David N. Cole	Wilderness as a Place for Scientific Inquiry
1. Overviews
Norman L. Christensen, Jr.	The Evolving Role of Science in Wilderness to Our Understanding of Ecosystems and Landscapes
Alan Ewert Leo McAvoy	The Effects of Wilderness Settings on Organized Groups: A State-of-Knowledge Paper
Lisa J. Graumlich	Global Change in Wilderness Areas: Disentangling Natural and Anthropogenic Changes
Joseph W. Roggenbuck B. L Driver	Benefits of Nonfacilitated Uses of Wilderness
R. Gerald Wright Lisa K. Garrett	The Evolution of Wilderness Wildlife Research in North America
2. Wilderness and Ecosystems
Edward E. Berg	Studies in the Wilderness Areas of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge: Fire, Bark Beetles, Human Development and Climate Change
Matthew L. Brooks	Does Protection of Desert Tortoise Habitat Generate Other Ecological Benefits in the Mojave Desert?
Daniel B. Fagre David L. Peterson	Ecosystem Dynamics and Disturbance in Mountain Wildernesses: Assessing Vulnerability of Natural Resources to Change
Charles G. Johnson, Jr.	Establishing Benchmark Monitoring Points in Wilderness: Successes and Challenges
Robert E. Keane	The Importance of Wilderness to Whitebark Pine Research and Management
Kenneth D. Kimball Douglas M. Weihrauch	Alpine Vegetation Communities and the Alpine-Treeline Ecotone Boundary in New England as Biomonitors for Climate Change
Cynthia S. Loftin Sara B. Aicher Wiley M. Kitchens	Effects of the Suwannee River Sill on the Hydrology of the Okefenokee Swamp: Application of Research Results in the Environmental Assessment Process
Aníbal Pauchard Eduardo Ugarte Jaime Millán	A Multiscale Method for Assessing Vegetation Baseline of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Protected Areas of Chile
James M. Peek	Shrub-Steppe Vegetation Trend, Middle Fork Salmon River, Idaho
William H. Russell Joe R. McBride Ky Carnell	Edge Effects and the Effective Size of Old-Growth Coast Redwood Preserves
Susan E. Shideler	Monitoring Reproduction and Contraception in Free Ranging Wildlife: Tule Elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) at Point Reyes National Seashore
Russell F. Thurow	Dynamics of Chinook Salmon Populations Within Idaho’s Frank Church Wilderness: Implications for Persistence
3. Wilderness and the Past
Christopher V. Barns	Paleontological Excavations in Designated Wilderness: Theory and Practice
Anthony R. Fiorillo	The Ancient Environment of the Beartooth Butte Formation (Devonian) in Wyoming and Montana: Combining Paleontological Inquiry With Federal Management Needs
Robert L. Sanford, Jr. Sally P. Horn	Holocene Rain-Forest Wilderness: A Neotropical Perspective on Humans as an Exotic, Invasive Species
4. Wilderness and People
Laura M. Fredrickson Baylor L. Johnson	Wilderness: A Place for Ethical Inquiry
Lilian Jonas William Stewart Kevin Larkin	Encountering Heidi: Meeting Others as a Central Aspect of the River Experience
Angelina M. Kendra Troy E. Hall	Is There a Shared Idea of “Wilderness” Among Outdoor Recreationists? Evidence From Three Recreation Sites
Julia Dawn Parker Bill Avant	In Their Own Words: Wilderness Values of Outfitter/Guides
Todd Paxton Leo McAvoy	Social Psychological Benefits of a Wilderness Adventure Program
Keith C. Russell John C. Hendee Dianne Phillips-Miller	How Wilderness Therapy Works: An Examination of the Wilderness Therapy Process to Treat Adolescents With Behavioral Problems and Addictions
Erin K. Sharpe Alan W. Ewert	Interferences in Place Attachment: Implications for Wilderness
Dave D. White John C. Hendee	Primal Hypotheses: The Relationship Between Naturalness, Solitude, and the Wilderness Experience Benefits of Development of Self, Development of Community, and Spiritual Development
5. Management of Science in Wilderness
Gordon R. Cessford	Identifying Research Needs for Improved Management of Social Impacts in Wilderness Recreation
Peter Landres	A Framework for Evaluating Proposals for Scientific Activities in Wilderness
Jack G. Oelfke Rolf O. Peterson John A. Vucetich Leah M. Vucetich	Wolf Research in the Isle Royale Wilderness: Do the Ends Justify the Means?
David J. Parsons	The Challenge of Scientific Activities in Wilderness
Jim Walters	Research Protocols in National Park Service Wilderness
Vita Wright	The Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute: A National Wilderness Research Program in Support of Wilderness Management
6. Dialogue Session Summary
Diana L. Six Paul Alaback Robert A. Winfree Della Snyder Anne Hagele	Wilderness for Science: Pros and Cons of Using Wilderness Areas for Biological Research

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